Managerial Accounting Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words - 2

Managerial Accounting - Essay Example Initially, they started off with producing high quality record players which attracted customers belonging to a certain age group but gradually they shifted into producing technologically advanced products such as CD players, MP3 players and USB turntable. This helped the company to reach a wider customer base, rather only a younger one. This indicates that their primary strategy was to achieve a higher level of customer satisfaction. In addition to that, GEK’s leaders followed a team or sound style of leadership strategy which was concerned with both the production and employees (Zeidan 2009, 82-85). This was evident from the fact that highly skilled and experienced employees were paid sufficiently well. B. Strength: The development of the USB turntable has proven to be a huge strength for GEK technologies. With the rising demand for new style of products which demonstrated portability, USB turntable was a perfect introduction. This is evident from the sharper than expected i ncrease in sales for the USB Turntable over the last few years. Another strength associated with GEK technologies comes from the product Record player as the manufacturing of this product requires high level of craftsmanship. In 2012, the employees of GEK technologies working on the record player division were older, more experienced and very loyal. These workers displayed the highest level of craftsmanship in the company as well as in the entire industry. This was evident from the fact that record players represented a relatively high proportion of total sales in certain places. Weaknesses: GEK’s weakness can be identified in the CD player and MP3 player division where the sales growth became stagnant after 2010. This also shows that the development of USB turntable was mistimed as it halted the sales of CD players and MP3 players whose sales rate were significantly higher than any other product divisions. Opportunities: GEK’s opportunities can be witnessed in the USB turntable production division as it is shows a sharper than expected increase. The investment in this division is prospective. This is aided with the consistent increase in the sales rate and rising demand of new style of products which are portable, which in turn would help the division to generate significant wealth for the companies. Moreover, USB turntable as a product can be viewed as a ground work for further development of other products. Apart from that, another opportunity can be noticed in the record player division. Since the sales rate of this division is decreasing rapidly and the technology is becoming obsolete, the company can choose to shut it down and use the excess proceeds, generated from selling the assets, to either invest in another prospective project or distribute the excess cash as dividends to the shareholders. Threat: Having studied the report of GEK, record player and USB turntable division poses a certain degree of threat to the company. Record player w hich is an obsolete technology has accrued obsolete assets and inventories worth $287,000. Moreover, the company might incur losses as there was a sharp decline in sales in this division and high cost of production was associated with it. The USB turntable division is another threat to the company because a sharper than expected increase in sales for the USB turntable had resulted in delays in production and a backlog of orders. This

My Tuesday with Morrie Essay Example for Free

My Tuesday with Morrie Essay Life is a class, from the day we came to the day we leave. In this class, we learn to learn, learn to live, learn to accept relationships, learn to face death, and learn to adapt to this long and fancy journey of life. Since our childhood, we constantly wonder what our futures will be. Our future life style, future career, the coming deterioration of our body functions and even death, are all in blur that whenever we think of them, we will be occupied by fear. Sometimes, we cannot help but ask: what is the feeling of death? Where will we go after we die? It is always hard for us to be easy with death because we fear it. Therefore, we rush to work hard to get what we desire within the short span of life. However, it is a pathetic fact that we are sometimes blinded and lose what we really need when pursuing what we â€Å"desire†. Even worse, we will not realize it until we are about to die. Tuesday with Morrie can help us realize it before hand. My Encounter with Tuesday with Morrie I am really grateful for this course and Miss Yang. Thank you for giving me a chance to read Tuesday with Morrie, a book that enlightened me in understanding the meaning of life. I am the same kind of people as Mitch Albom, who is always occupied by work and spare no time in other parts of life. When I was reading this book on every Thursday, I put myself in Mitch’s position. The Abstract of the Story Tuesday with Morrie tells a real story about an old professor, Morrie  Schwartz, who had been gradually paralyzed by ALS and was about to die. His student, Mitch Albom, accidently saw his professor being interviewed in the television. Shocked by the upcoming death of his dear professor, Mitch went to meet Morrie in order to grasp some time to say goodbye to the professor who inspired him during college. During the last three months, no matter how busy Mitch was, he would went to see Morrie on Tuesdays to attend Morrie’s lessons about the meanings of life. They talked a lot ranging from death, love, marriage to culture etc. Inspired by the lesson, Mitch realized that love dwarfs all the fame and fortune. Luckily, he successfully saved a precious relationship. Three Kinds of Attitudes towards Life Life is the same process for everyone which stars from birth, living to death. However, everyone has his own particular understanding of life. In my opinion, most of the attitudes towards life can be divided into three main categories. Those who have monotonous and dull lives conceive life as a process of birth, eating, drinking, sleeping, getting married, growing old and finally going to the heaven, which is apparently meaningless. The second type views life as a trade. Their theme of life is what they can obtain from life. Their spontaneous reaction to any new experience is bound to be: what it worth to me? In the world built on this kind of attitude, happiness turns out to be a competition. Most people in the modern world are living with this life style where competition and efficiency dwarf everything. The third kind of attitude expresses a theme: what I can bring into life. Their objective is to bring others happiness, which eventually will bring happiness to themselves. I admit that I am in the second category. Tuesday with Morrie taught me how to move into the third. Cherish What You Own at the Present. In Tuesday with Morrie, Professor urged us to remember a philosophy: â€Å"If youre always battling against getting older, youre always going to be unhappy, because it will happen anyhow.† Since we cannot reject it, why don’t we just ignore it and cherish what we have right now? We should enjoy every stage of our lives. When we are kids, we should enjoy playing and being an innocent kid. When we are adults, we should enjoy working hard,  giving out, embracing love and being an enthusiastic adult. When we are old, we should enjoy the peace of life and being an experienced yet calm old man or woman. As long as we accept who we are right now and learn to enjoy it, every stage is meaningful and wonderful for us. Many of us skip other processes lying in the middle but only see the very end of life and therefore rush every day to try to obtain more, more and more. This is not living. Realize What We Need In the modern world, there are innumerable people like Mitch, who was always occupied by his work, by his pursuing of fame and fortune. Though I am still a student, I have already been trapped in this kind of life style, too. Due to the countless homework and researches, I barely have time to have fun with friends or care for my families. I can obtain all I desire but I seldom feel quite happy. I was confused and could not find a way out. Morrie helped me. He said that when you learn how to die, you learn how to live. Death is a wake-up call for all of us. When faced with death, all the fortune and fame, those we desire and fight for in our whole life, become useless. There was an experiment carried out among students. They were given five stuffs, including a box of matches, a Channel perfume, an LV bag, a Benz car and a big house. Everyone was given a few million dollars and they could buy whatever they want. The result shows no one ever chose to buy the matches. However, when the professor assumed that the students were in a deserted island, all the students bought the matches. It is obviously that, compared with a box of matches, those luxuries are of no use in the deserted island. Matches can start fire to warm, to cook and to make signals. That was what they need. Nowadays, people are hard to be satisfied because they are always pursuing things much more than they actually need. If we can learn lessons from Morrie’s death or the students’ realization in the experiment, we can figure out how much we have already owned and suddenly we can get away from the depression of the constant struggle for more and start to enjoy living itself. It is a pity that the modern world encourages the second type of life style I mentioned above. A set pattern designed by the society forces us to struggle  for colleges, exams, promotions, money, marriages, houses and cars etc. It seems every one takes it for granted and has been accustomed to it. We lost our judgment. Morrie, as a man dying soon, told us that wealth could not buy happiness and contentment. Life should not have been that hard. My Changes after Reading the Book When Morrie asked Mitch to drop by every Tuesday, Mitch hesitated and said he might not be able to because he was so busy. However, he made it. After reading Morrie’s fourteen lessons on the meaning of life, I decided to learn from both Morrie and Mitch. I have to abandon my forever excuse: I am so occupied and I have no time. I started calling my parents and my sister regularly and occasionally went out with friends, as well as doing some charity works. Amazingly, it suddenly occurred to me that I am a human, a living human. Though it is hard to suddenly change from type two person to type three, who can live as wisely as Morrie, I am working on it and I am making progress.

The Salem Witch Trials Essay examples -- American History Witch Witche

The Salem Witch Trials The Salem Witchcraft trials in Massachusetts during 1692 resulted in nineteen innocent men and women being hanged, one man pressed to death, and in the deaths of more than seventeen who died in jail. It all began at the end of 1691 when a few girls in the town began to experiment with magic by gathering around a crystal ball to try to find the answer to questions such as "what trade their sweet harts should be of ". This conjuring took place in the Parris household where a woman named Tituba, an Indian slave, headed the rituals. Soon after they had begun to practice these rituals, girls who had been involved, including the Master Parris' daughter and niece, became sick. They had constant fits, twitched, cried, made odd noises, and huddled in corners. The family called in doctors, and they were treated for many illnesses. Nothing helped. Many weeks later after running out of reasons for their strange behavior, all of their symptoms seemed to lead to one belief, "The evil hand is upon them." They were possessed by the Devil. At first the families of the children could not find anyone to accuse for being the witch responsible for possessing the children. Then, late in February of 1692, Parris' neighbor, Mary Sibley recommended that Parris' slaves, Tituba and John Indian, should work a spell to try to find the culprits. Even after trying this solution the girls' condition worsened, and the people responsible still had not been found. The girls began to see hazy shadows and believed that these shadows were of the people who had done this to them. After more and more children became victims of this, the hunting for the witches who were to blame for the girls' sickness began to get more serious.... ...time, credibility of an accusation was not checked thoroughly, instead the person accused was simply locked up in jail until their trial time came. Even then, if they did not confess to being guilty, they were punished sometimes even killed. Although the law is innocent until proven guilty, and had been practiced before the trials, in the case of the witchcraft trials, the accused witches were guilty until proven innocent. Not many were given the chance to prove themselves to be innocent. Bibliography 1. Guilley Ellen, Witches and Witchcraft (New York: Facts on File, 1989), 152. 2. Wilson, Lori Lee, The Salem Witch Trials (Minneapolis: Lerner Publishing Company, 1997) 3. Hoffer Peter, The Salem Witchcraft Trials: A Legal History (Kansas: University Press of Kansas, 1997), 212. 4. Zeinert, Karen. The Salem Witchcraft Trials, (New York: F. Watts, 1989),

Milan Kundera’s The Unbearable Lightness of Being Essay

In Milan Kundera’s novel, The Unbearable Lightness of Being, the author uses plenty of literary elements to tie together his points in an effort to help readers understand the basic premise behind the work. Though there are plenty of literary themes that can be found throughout the work, the most important ones are the themes that Kundera uses, as well as the characters in the novel. By creatively using these things in his work, Kundera helps explain what might have otherwise been a fairly complex ideal. In addition, the author is able to tie these things together to create a measure of clarity for readers as they progress through the work.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Theme is used in the novel to get across the basic ideas that the author is set on impressing into the reader. Since the novel relies mostly on ambiguous ideas to get across hard to find points, the utilization of different themes are critically important to the development of the story. As one might expect from the title of the work, Kundera uses lightness and the idea of weight as one of the primary themes throughout the book. Even in the title, one can see the dichotomy that exists. Lightness in itself is not something that should be too heavy to bear. Yet, the author is able to masterfully intertwine these two ideas to convey the point of his story. Through the entire work, the characters of the book are searching hard within themselves to find a solution to the primary question presented in the title. Their search for the important things in life is done in order to both find meaning and relieve themselves of some of the heaviness that their being light creates.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Another important theme that the author uses is politics. Though the characters carry on with their lives throughout the work, they are constantly linked to both each other and to their collective pasts by their underlying political beliefs. A good example of this can be found on page 123 of the novel, when Sabina receives word that the political situation in Prague has cost Tomas and Tereza their lives. The book reads, â€Å"She could not get over the news. The link to her past had been broken† (123). English expert Jay Braiman describes a literary theme as, â€Å"The main idea or message conveyed by the piece† (Braiman). It is clear in the story that the author uses both politics and the idea of weight as the main idea in the work. The desire to escape from the weight of life was something that drove each of the characters, while politics served as a main idea in trying all of the characters together.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Characters were the second literary element used by the author to create the work. Not only do the characters power the action, but they shed a little bit of light into the what the other characters were thinking. Simply having characters is not enough to establish something as an important literary element. As the author clearly understood, the characters must be used in the most efficient, useless way possible in order to help push the idea of the story forward. The characters in this novel are not just there for an arbitrary reason. Instead, they play an active role in the story in establishing the primary aspects of plot development. A Eugene Knight book review of the work talks to the importance of the characters by saying, â€Å"The very fact that they stay together and seem to find some degree of happiness illustrates that an acceptance of a relationship that falls well short of satisfying and fulfilling hopes, is possible† (Knight). One can easily see that the author used the literary element of characters to tie in the many themes that he utilized and help the reader understand the underlying conflict in Czechoslovakia at the time.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Overall, the book is a commentary on the reasons why people need people so much. This is a complex idea to establish, especially when one considers the fact that it is set against such a tough background. Kundera established his excellent work on the basis that his characters would do the talking for him. Instead of having to explain things to readers to get them to buy in to the main point of the book, he had characters live out their real life experiences to get across the points. Even more importantly than that, he was able to bring the characters closer to the themes that were so important to the author in this book. No one literary theme overtook the book or overpowered it. They all worked together in a sanctimonious harmony that not only told a story, but helped the reader interpret the story. The idea that a person who is too light could not bear that weight is a ridiculous one at first, but as the reader further understands the things that the characters are going through, they can begin to see how such a dichotomy can become quite a conundrum. Works Cited Braiman, Jay. Literary Devices. 2007. < http://mrbraiman.home.att.net/lit.htm> Knight, Eugene. The Unbearable Lightness of Being, Review. < http://bookreviews.nabou.com/reviews/unbearable_lightness_kundera.html> Kundera, Milan. The Unbearable Lightness of Being. 4 May 2004. HarperCollins Publishing. Raudino, Guiseppe. Socialism and Arts. August 2007.

Racism in medical treatment

The topic I chose for the library assignment was â€Å"racism in medical treatment†. I felt that this topic comes up in the novel, â€Å"The Immortal Life of Henrietta Lacks† by Rebecca Slot multiple times and also relates to the theme â€Å"voice† which is what we have been focusing on in our First-Year Experience class. Even though the time of â€Å"racism† is over, there are still acts of discrimination in the field of medicine.Many actors and even more, patients, have been treated unfairly based on their race. Patients have been misdiagnosed or given a false diagnosis in order for the doctors to make money off of them because the doctor could care less about their health. Discrimination also causes the patients to act differently because of their â€Å"race†. This relates to the theme, â€Å"voice† because some people who are discriminated against are unable to properly defend themselves leaving them without a voice Just like HenriettaLac ks. This topic is interesting to me because before I read this book I didn't give any of this much thought. I didn't think that doctors, people that are there to help us, would discriminate against people and treat them differently. It made me want to do more research and see how many people have gone through things like this. 1 . What evidence can we find that shows acts of racism In the book? 2. What outside evidence is there of racial discrimination In medical treatment 3.

buy custom Health Care Professionals essay

buy custom Health Care Professionals essay Caring for a patient with terminal illness is challenging because most of the time the patient is unconscious thus remains a passive recipient of care. Health care professionals and family members are left to decide for the patient yet they do not experience the physical impact of the disease. With a view to the selected incident, two issues that arise are ethical and legal. The rationale of selecting the ethical and legal issues is that Battes (2003) states that they interfere with decision making process in times of a dilemma. Autonomy is one of the ethical principles and it requires that the patient makes decision about the care that he wants (Gedge et al. 2007). In an event where the patient is unconscious, health care professionals compromise autonomy by deciding for the patient or letting the relatives decide. The right of a patient to live is one of the legal issues (Rhome 2004) that arise from the incident. The doctor is faced with a challenge of whether to take the patients life by withholding medications or letting him live and suffer. Legal and ethical issues have an imperative impact on the delivery of care to the patients and carers because they influence the actions of the health care professionals. According to the law, the doctor can withhold treatment and let the patient die peacefully (Cook, 2008). On the other hand, Chantal (2006) explains that it is unethical to withhold treatment if the majority of the people concerned do not feel happy about the idea. For instance, if withholding treatment will annoy the family members, the doctor has no right of doing so. According to the ethical principles, health care providers should supply comprehensive and holistic care to the patient and the significant others regardless of whom they are. Ethics is a way of examining morality. Singer (2010) states that clinical ethics dictate the professional behaviors of health care providers because they issue a framework for decision making process. Ethics in terminal care entail practical reasoning about the management of the patients. Occasionally, the health care provider may find himself in an ethical dilemma because the ethical principles which are autonomy, beneficence, non-maleficence and justice are in conflict (Matzo et al. 2004). For instance, the patient has a right to make decision but when he is unconscious, it becomes hard for the health care professional to decide who should play that role on the patients behalf. In such a case the health care professional should select a course of actions that he thinks is morally upright. By this, the health care professional can decide for the patient or allow the relatives to make an informed decision. The ethical principle of autonomy dictates that it is a patient who should decide whether he wants to continue living or not. Autonomy is similar to self determination and Thomas (2009) states that every insane human being has freedom to choose what can be done to his body. The focus of autonomy is informed consent and health care professionals should explain to the patient about the disease process, management and outcome so that he can make a choice (Chantal, 2006). In the event where the patient has a cognitive problem the significant others can decide for him. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor explained the patients condition and management to the family members so that they decide on his behalf. The ethical theories of beneficence and non-maleficence guide the health care professionals so that they provide quality care to the patients. Thomas (2009) explains that according to beneficence theory, health care professionals should provide care that is beneficial for the patient while non-maleficence states that the patient should be protected from harm. These theories form the goal of patients management which is to assist them in recovering or reduce suffering and thus prolong life (Gallagher et al. 2007). With the view to the selected incident, the issue that arises is withholding some treatment and life supportive assistance. The patient could not completely benefit from the hospital interventions but he was likely to experience more harm because of lack of treatment at the hospice. That is why the family members were confused when the doctor declared that he was going to stop the intravenous fluids and some medications. The question that comes out from the incident concerns the authority of sustaining or withholding life. Is it a doctor, a nurse, a patient or the family members who should make a decision about withholding treatment? According to Wright (2003), the patient should decide, but if he is unconscious the significant others can decide and the doctor has no authority of imposing forced treatment regimen. Justice is an ethical principle that concerns fair and equal treatment of the patient, the relatives and the significant others (Battes 2003). It states that the nurse should treat every person equally regardless of their social status, culture and disease condition. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse respected the patients relatives by explaining them the patients condition and the treatment plan. The nurses action demonstrates distributive justice. On the other hand, the nurse was unfair in her attempts to withhold treatment and deny the patient his or her right to live. Analysis of Legal Issues In the provision of care, health care professionals cannot assume legal issues since they affect care. Some actions may be allowed by ethics, while being not permitted by the law (Thomas 2009). According to the law, it is forbidden to take any humans life while the ethical principle of autonomy permits it in case of patients request to take his life. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor could not have stopped the patients treatment if he had followed the law that forbids to withhold someones life. According to Wright (2003) the law is minimal ethics because it operates under the values and principles of the society. The law is a reflection of the ideas of the majority concerning specific issue. If the health care professionals are to follow the law, they have to respect the voices of the family members and significant others (Cook 2008). This means that when it comes to matters concerning life and death, the family members and significant others should be given the first priority. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor should have asked for the family members opinion about treatment withdrawal instead of implementing the plan that only afterwards was introduced to them.. Most of the legal issues relating to care of the patients with terminal illness fall under the common and statutory law (Matzo et al. 2004). The court decides the common law and it involves issues like autonomy and treatment withdrawal while the statutory law concerns euthanasia (Thomas 2009). The law limits ethical actions that may be risky for the patient or the family members. Wright (2003) states that the law acts as a framework for decision making process and it helps the health care professionals avoid liabilities. With a view to the selected incident, the doctor could have prolonged the patients life for some days by not withholding treatment since the law states the patients right to live. Rhome (2004) explains that the law provides guidelines for the health care professionals to balance between benefits and harm. Health care professionals should relieve any patient from the signs and symptoms of the disease, inflicting no harm. In the event that the patients relatives doubt the treatment regimen and are worried about the side effects, the health care professional should prioritize the law about harm prevention (Matzo et al. 2004). On the other hand, if the benefit is imperative in comparison to the prevention of harm then the health care professional should prioritize the law of benefits. Witha view to the selected incident, the doctor followed the law of benefits by withholding treatment. This is because being allowed to continue living, the patient could have suffered more. The law provides guidelines that assist the health care professionals in dealing with two harmful situations. If the health care professional cannot compare the danger of prolonged treatment with the side effects of medical care, he should select one action that is less harmful to prevent the occurrence of a more serious harm (Battes 2003). With a view to the selected incident, the prolonging of the patients life could have a negative impact on both the patient and the family members. The patient could have suffered for a long period of time while the family members would continue experiencing psychological and emotional difficulties while caring for him. This is the reason why the doctor decided to take an action with a lesser harm that is to withhold the treatment. How Nursing Practice Can Be Improved In Relation To Ethical and Legal Issues In relation to ethical and legal issues nursing practice can be improved by the application of ethical-legal theories while providing care to the patients and the significant others. The ethical-legal theories include deontology, utilitarianism and natural law (Wright 2003). Although these theories will assist the nurse in making a rational decision while in a dilemma, a moral reasoning is important. Therefore, a nurse should learn how to establish a therapeutic relationship with the patient, so that the moral skills develop (Chantal 2006). Moral skills will assist the nurse in making an ultimate decision about the care of the patient. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have refused to stop the medication if she considered it to be unethical. Utilitarianism is an ethical-legal theory that operates under the principle of making many people happy regardless of the consequences to an individual (Gallagher et al. 2007). Application of this theory to the nursing practice is important because it will reduce the prevalence of self interests. Singer (2010) explains that according to utilitarianism, a nurse should provide quality care because that is what the hospital institution is aimed at. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have provided holistic care to the patient till death because it is in line with the hospital guidelines. By so doing, the nurse could have alleviated the distress that the family members underwent while observing their relation die peacefully. On the other hand, it was ethical for the nurse to stop the medication, having explained the treatment plan to the relatives. This is because the relatives accepted the treatment plan. According to the deontology theory, common sense is important and nurses should perform their duties fairly that is to treat every person with integrity and apply the ethical principles without discrimination (Wright 2003). Ethical principles that are deontological in nature include autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficience and preservation of life (Chantal 2006). A nurse should provide services that are beneficial for the patient and avoid any source of harm, preserving his life. Considering the selected incident, the nurse should have provided holistic care to the patient and the significant others because it is her duty. Additionally, the nurse could not have stopped the medication because the theory of deontology states that a nurse should preserve life. The natural law of ethical-legal theory states that an action is morally good if it is in line with the human goals and it does not harm a person (Singer 2010). According to this law, it is unethical for the nurse to refuse to care for the patient. The nurse should help the patient to become independent,providing a collaborative care that addresses his needs. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have collaborated with the doctor and provide comprehensive care to the patient. Withholding of the treatment decreased the patients ability to progress into a different stage of recovery. Potential Barriers The application of the ethical-legal theories in the nursing practice can be interfered by a number of barriers concerning the patient, the significant others, health facility and the health care providers. According to Wright (2003), a patients beliefs, disease condition and financial status can be a barrier to application of ethical-legal principles and theories in the nursing practice. A patient who believes that intravenous medication is the best solution may refuse other treatment modalities. In the event that a certain drug does not have an intravenous preparation it may be hard for the nurse to provide beneficial services for the patient is likely to refuse treatment. In a study done, Singer (2010) explains that approximately sixty eight percent of the patients with terminal illness were willing to allow the doctor to end their lives because of financial difficulties. Many of them preferred to die because they could not afford to support their families financially. This shows that financial inability can be a barrier to application of ethical theories in the nursing practice. For instance, the aforementioned patients can refuse nursing care because they want to die. Lastly, the disease condition of the patient is a potential barrier to nursing practice because it influences the decision making process (Matzo et al. 2004). A patient with cognitive abnormalities cannot make a rational decision concerning his management. In the event that such a patient refuses treatment, the nurse is in a dilemma of whether to force the patient to take medication or follow his wishes and command. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse had to follow the fami ly members commands because the patient was unconscious and could not decide about his care. The patients family members and the significant others can be a barrier to the application of ethical principles in the nursing practice because they influence the management of the patient (Gedge et al. 2007). When a nurse wants to provide a comprehensive and holistic care to the patient and the significant others want the nurse to withhold treatment, it becomes hard for the nurse to apply the ethical-legal theory. Rhome (2004) explains that the culture and social values of the family members are potential barriers to provision of nursing services. For instance, people who believe that the nurse should not administer narcotics to a patient with a terminal illness can interfere with the nursing practice by prohibiting the nurse from administering medication to the patient. The potential barriers to application of the ethical-legal theories that relate to the health facility include lack of enough supplies, the hospital policies and the human resource (Wright 2003). A nurse may want to support the patients life but if the hospital does not have the necessary supplies, it becomes impossible. For instance, lack of protective devices like gloves and masks can prevent a nurse from providing the patient with a quality care. The hospital guidelines play an imperative role in the application of ethical-legal theories in the nursing practice. If the hospital rules dictate that the doctor is the final decision maker in the management of a patient, the nurse is unlikely to provide quality services (Chantal 2006). With a view to the selected incident, the nurse had to withhold treatment yet the nursing ethics states that a nurse should assist the patient until he dies. Finally, inadequate human resource is a potential barrier to provision of nursing care (Wright 2003). For instance, if the nurse is under pressure because of understaffing, she is likely to withhold treatment so that the patient dies and relieves her from the excessive workload. Besides, lack of knowledge about application of ethical-legal theories can be a potential barrier to the nursing prractice (Rhome 2004). A nurse who is unaware of ethical principles is likely to harm the patient in case of a dilemma. Thus, if a patient wants a pain relieving medication while the relatives are against it, the nurse should apply the principle of autonomy and the deontology theory and is to give the patient the medication instead of following the relatives command. A nurse who is not aware of the principle of autonomy and the theory of deontology is likely to follow utilitarianism theory and deny the patient the medication. This will cause harm to the patient as it makes him suffer. Policies and Guidelines that Affect the Ethical and Legal Issues The national, international and local policies and guidelines that apply to ethical and legal issues concern the nursing care of a patient who is terminally ill. The nurse should provide care to a patient who is terminally ill so that he can have control over his management (Gedge et al. 2007). This policy is related to the ethical principle of beneficence and it means that the nurse should not withhold treatment but continue caring for the patient. Cook (2008) explains that the management of a person with terminal illness should be in line with his beliefs as well as the culture. This policy coincides with the principle of autonomy and the ethical-legal theory of deontology. The nurse should respect the dignity of the patient and provide care not discriminating his culture or beliefs. This also means that the nurse should not harm the client because going against his beliefs and culture can interfere with the healing process. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have listened to the views of the patients relatives and act accordingly instead of following the doctors instructions and withholding medication. The nurse should know about conditions like mental disabilities and beware of the side effects of medications that can affect the decision making process of a patient who is terminally ill (Rhome 2004). This policy is important because it affects the nurses choice about the autonomy of the patient. It influences the selection of a person who should decide on the behalf of the patient. The nurse should explain the progression of the disease, the management and possible outcome to the person acting on behalf of the patient ,so that he can make an informed decision (Singer 2010). With a view to the selected incident, the nurse acted ethically explaining the treatment regimen of the patient to the family members. The nurse who is taking care of a terminally ill patient must know the patients wishes as well as expectations regarding his management (Gallagher et al. 2007). The nurse should develop a therapeutic relationship with the patient so that she probes him to express his feelings and thoughts about the disease. By so doing, the nurse will know the patients wishes and expectations. This policy is important because it provides a solution in case the relatives or the health cares wishes are not compatible with the patients expectations. With a view to the selected incident, ethical and legal issues arose, since the patient was unconscious and no one knew either his wishes or expectations. The nurse who is responsible for the patient with terminal illness must know the outcome of the doctors management and document it accordingly (Cook 2008). This means that the nurse should discuss the patients care and progress with the doctor.. This policy is in line with the principle of beneficence and nonmaleficience. When a nurse knows the rationale behind the doctors management, she is likely to provide the service, beneficial to the patient, and avoid harm. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse could have discussed the patient management with the doctor, so that they explore other possibilities instead of withholding treatment because it was distressing for the family members. It is essential for the nurse to provide palliative care to a patient with terminal illness (Chantal 2006). The care should include physical, psychological, social and emotional support. Physical care involves provision of medication that relieves the distressing symptoms of the disease process. Psychological and emotional care involves counseling the patient about the disease process, so that he comes to term with it. Social support entails talking to the patient and encouraging him so that he does not feel lonely. This policy relates to deontology and utilitarianism theories. According to the deontology theory, the nurse should provide palliative care to the terminally ill patient because it is her duty. On the other hand, utilitarianism theory will restrict a nurse to provide palliative care to the terminally ill patient if many people do not feel happy about the idea. With a view to the selected incident, the nurse withheld treatment instead of providing palliative care because t he majority accepted the outcome. Conclusion In conclusion, ethical and legal issues are imperative in the care of a patient with terminal illness. This happens because they influence the decisions of the health care providers concerning the management of the patient. With a view to the selected incident, the ethical issues that arise are autonomy, beneficence, nonmaleficience and justice. Legal issues concern the law and they assist the health care professional to make a rational decision when the ethical principles are in conflict. One of the legal issues is the law that prohibits killing and when a patient wants his life be taken the nurse can disrespect his autonomy because the law forbids killing. Nurses should apply the ethical-legal theories in the nursing practice if they want to provide a comprehensive and holistic care to the patients with terminal illness. Recommendations Nurses should strive to know the ethical and legal issues concerning patients with terminal illness by reviewing relevant literatures about the issues. This will assist them in making a rational decision when faced with an ethical dilemma. Battes (20003) states that a nurse who is knowledgable about ethical and legal issues is likely to provide comprehensive services in times of an ethical dilemma than the one who does not know anything about it. Hospital institutions should organise seminars or workshops for the nurses to attend and learn about ethical and legal issues. This is important because as nursing continues to evolve, the legal and ethical issues keep on changing (Rhome 2004). Attending such seminars, they get to know the current practices of taking care of the patients with terminal illness. Nurses should conduct research about barriers to ethical and legal issues and then address the findings accordingly. For instance, if the barrier is understaffing then the hospital should employ more health care professionals. In case of the knowledge deficit, the nurses should be taught about ethical principles and theories. According to Thomas (2009), research enables the nurse to gain more insight about legal and ethical issues. Through research, a nurse can get introduced to the new ways of solving ethical legal dilemmas. This will assist the nurse in providing beneficial services when faced with a conflict. Finally, nurses should educate the relatives about the care of the patient and the outcome. This will assist them in making a rational decision about the patients care in the event where the patient is unconscious and cannot decide. Cook (2008) states that educating the relatives about care of the terminally ill patient alleviates the negative belief and culture that they usually hold. A patients relative who knows about the management of a terminally ill patient is unlikely to interfere with the management of the patient by prohibiting the nurse to provide care because he knows that rationale of the management. Buy custom Health Care Professionals essay

Free Essays on Kant Ethics

INTRODUCTION: In this paper I will attempt to overview Kantian Ethics and by doing so explain why I believe that Knat’s theories are best suited for making business decisions. 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) presents a criterion of moral obligation, which he calls the categorical imperative. Kant’s account of morality fits squarely into the deontological (Deontology is the study of duty) tradition. Kant’s writings indicate that he was aware of the moral traditions that went before him, such as virtue theory which bases morality on good character traits, and consequential accounts which base morality solely on the consequences of actions. In all of his ethical writings, Kant rejects these traditional theories of morality and argues instead that moral actions are based on a â€Å"supreme principle of morality† which is objective, rational, and freely chosen: the categorical imperative. Kant’s Ethics: Kant is the primary proponent in history of deontological ethics. On Kant’s view, the sole feature that gives an action moral worth is not the outcome that is achieved by the action, but the motive that is behind the action. The categorical imperative is Kant’s famous statement of this duty: â€Å"Act only according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† The good will, Kant says, is the faculty of acting according to a conception of law. When we act, whether or not we achieve what we intend with our actions is often beyond our control, so the morality of our actions does not depend upon their outcome. What we can control is the will behind the action. Therefore the morality of an action must be assessed in terms of the motivation behind it. A shopkeeper, Kant says, might do what is in accord with duty, and not overcharge a child. Kant argues, â€Å"It is not sufficient to do that which should be morally good that it conform... Free Essays on Kant Ethics Free Essays on Kant Ethics INTRODUCTION: In this paper I will attempt to overview Kantian Ethics and by doing so explain why I believe that Knat’s theories are best suited for making business decisions. 18th century German philosopher Immanuel Kant (1724-1804) presents a criterion of moral obligation, which he calls the categorical imperative. Kant’s account of morality fits squarely into the deontological (Deontology is the study of duty) tradition. Kant’s writings indicate that he was aware of the moral traditions that went before him, such as virtue theory which bases morality on good character traits, and consequential accounts which base morality solely on the consequences of actions. In all of his ethical writings, Kant rejects these traditional theories of morality and argues instead that moral actions are based on a â€Å"supreme principle of morality† which is objective, rational, and freely chosen: the categorical imperative. Kant’s Ethics: Kant is the primary proponent in history of deontological ethics. On Kant’s view, the sole feature that gives an action moral worth is not the outcome that is achieved by the action, but the motive that is behind the action. The categorical imperative is Kant’s famous statement of this duty: â€Å"Act only according to the maxim by which you can at the same time will that it should become a universal law.† The good will, Kant says, is the faculty of acting according to a conception of law. When we act, whether or not we achieve what we intend with our actions is often beyond our control, so the morality of our actions does not depend upon their outcome. What we can control is the will behind the action. Therefore the morality of an action must be assessed in terms of the motivation behind it. A shopkeeper, Kant says, might do what is in accord with duty, and not overcharge a child. Kant argues, â€Å"It is not sufficient to do that which should be morally good that it conform...

Conjugate the French Verb Entendre (to understand)

Conjugate the French Verb Entendre (to understand) Entendre  is a  regular -re verb  that follows distinct, predictable conjugation patterns. All -er  verbs share the same conjugation  patterns in all tenses and moods. Generally speaking, there are five major categories of verbs in French: regular -er, -ir, -re; stem-changing; and irregular. The smallest category of regular French verbs is  -re verbs. Entendre  Is a Regular er Verb To use  -re verbs, remove the  -re ending from the infinitive, and youre left with the stem.  Conjugate the verb by adding the -re endings shown in the table below to the verb stem. The same applies to entendre. Note that the conjugation table below includes only simple conjugations. It does not include compound conjugations, which consist  of a form of the auxiliary verb avoir and the past participle entendu. The Most Common -er Verbs These  are the most common regular -re verbs: attendre  Ã‚  to wait (for)dà ©fendre  Ã‚  to defenddescendre  Ã‚  to descendentendre  Ã‚  to hearà ©tendre  Ã‚  to stretchfondre  Ã‚  to meltpendre  Ã‚  to hang, suspendperdre  Ã‚  to loseprà ©tendre  Ã‚  to claimrendre  Ã‚  to give back, returnrà ©pandre  Ã‚  to spread, scatterrà ©pondre  Ã‚  to answervendre  Ã‚  to sell Entendre:  Meanings   The most common meaning of the French verb  entendre  is to hear, but it can also mean:   to listen toto intend (to do something)to meanto understand (formal) In the pronominal form, sentendre  means: reflexive: to hear oneself (speak, think)reciprocal: to agree, to get alongidiomatic: to be heard/audible, to be used Entendre: Expressions   Entendre is used in many idiomatic expressions. Learn how to hear about, intend to, attend mass and more with expressions using  entendre. entendre parler de... to hear (someone talking) about...  entendre dire que...  Ã‚  to hear (it said) that...entendre la messe   to hear / attend massentendre raison   to listen to reasonentendre mal (de loreille gauche/droite)  Ã‚  to not hear well (with ones left/right ear)entendre les tà ©moins  (law)  Ã‚  to hear the witnesses lentendre,   tentendre,   vous entendre   to hear him/her talk, to hear you talk qui veut entendre   to anyone who will listendonner entendre ( quelquun) que...   to give (someone) to understand / the impression that...faire entendre raison   to make someone see sense / reasonfaire entendre sa voix   to make oneself heardfaire entendre un son   to make a soundse faire entendre (dans un dà ©bat)   to make oneself heard (in a debate)laisser entendre ( quelquun) que...     to give (someone) to understand / the impression that...Ce quil faut entendre tout de mà ªme  ! (informal)   The things people say!Entendez-vous par l que... ?   Do you mean / Are you trying to say that... ? Faites comme vous lentendez.   Do what  you think is best.Il / Elle nentend pas la plaisanterie. (old-fashioned)   He / She cant take a joke.Il / Elle nentend rien ...   He / She doesnt know the first thing about...Il / Elle ne lentend pas de cette oreille.   He / She wont accept that.Il / Elle ne veut rien entendre.   He / She just wont listen, doesnt want to hear itIl / Elle ny entend pas malice.   He / She means no harm by it.Il / Elle va mentendre !   Im going to give him / her a piece of my mind!Jai dà ©j entendu pire !   Ive heard worse!Je nentends pas cà ©der.   I have no intention of giving in.Je vous entends.   I understand, I see what you mean.On entendrait voler une mouche.   You could hear a pin drop.Quentendez-vous par l ?   What do you mean by that?  Quest-ce que jetends ?   What did you say? Did I hear you correctly?... tu entends !   ... you hear me?!sentendre (faire quelque chose)  (formal)   to be very good at (doing something) sentendre merveille   to get along very well sentendre comme larrons en foire   to be thick as thieves (to be very close, get along extremely well)sy entendre pour (faire quelque chose)   to be very good at (doing something)cela sentend   naturally, of courseEntendons-nous bien.   Lets be very clear about this.Il faudrait sentendre !   Make up your mind!Je my entends ! Il sy entend  ! etc.   I know what Im doing! He knows what hes doing!Tu ne tentends pas !   You dont know what youre saying! Simple Conjugations of the Regular French -re Verb Entendre Present Future Imperfect Present participle j entends entendrai entendais entendant tu entends entendras entendais il entend entendra entendait nous entendons entendrons entendions vous entendez entendrez entendiez ils entendent entendront entendaient Pass compos Auxiliary verb avoir Past participle entendu Subjunctive Conditional Pass simple Imperfect subjunctive j entende entendrais entendis entendisse tu entendes entendrais entendis entendisses il entende entendrait entendit entendt nous entendions entendrions entendmes entendissions vous entendiez entendriez entendtes entendissiez ils entendent entendraient entendirent entendissent Imperative (tu) entends (nous) entendons (vous) entendez

IT Projet Management Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

IT Projet Management - Essay Example Company’s website contains all information, contact information, profile, careers and other related information for customer’s ease. Some companies display testimonials from customers on their website so that a new consumer can have an idea about their authenticity. Showing companies worth on websites help in attracting customers and bringing new business opportunities. Information technology has changed a business processes, it has given a new edge to companies sale and their income. E-commerce website are playing a vital role in bringing new opportunities in businesses. Business processes have achieved a new form and giving extra advantages to their consumers. Companies can sell their services and products online which helps in boosting their sales and customer can order their required product from home, office or workplace without going out. Company gets additional amount and the customer gets his desired product at home within few business hours. E-commerce websites are the best solution to sell services and products for the betterment of business in shortest time span. All company needs is a strong marketing of their website, a strong promotion of their websites through legal ways. Developing an IT project is not an easy task, it involves a lot of issues both technical and non-technical. It seems a few clicks story but behind the scene, picture is totally different. It involves lots of technicalities, issues and other facts that need to be solved for delivering a bug free online solution. As an IT manager, it’s really hard to manage all things over one platform while being on triple constraint i.e time, cost and quality. Three constraints are really hard to meet that’s the only reason IT projects get failed. As, things are getting better and information technology industry is frequently discovering new edges, projects are started being delivered on time, within budget while maintaining quality. Most of the IT solution providers offer 6 months free maintainance to their customers. These days, companies are preferring having e-commerce solution for their business, the only reason of this change is the growth in IT industry. IT industry applying new technologies, new techniques and has started delivering project on time and within budget. No doubt, still there is a vast room for improvement but industry has grown a lot. When a project starts, the main responsibility is of IT Project manager, he has to deal with all staff, both technical and non- technical, client and the management. He has to satisfy all stakeholders by all means till the project ends. Being an IT project manager it’s really hard to follow all three constraints i.e. time, cost and quality. Triple Constraint Project management is the field of securing, utilizing, and managing resources in order to obtain the successful and on time achievement of specific project objectives and goals. Sometime, it is blended with program management never theless technically that is basically a level up construction: a radical of linked and up to some extent connected engineering projects. Project Management is the discipline of managing resources such as scope, time and cost to achieve a desired result. Three constraints are also known as triple constraint. Triple Constraint

Case study on intercultural factors Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Case study on intercultural factors - Essay Example Identify the type of problems that might be due to intercultural differences. How will you pre-empt the discussions and what solutions can you prepare to overcome their concerns and maintain the client relationship.   The term â€Å"International business† revolves around all the business activities which are carried out between two or more countries. This involves a cross-border transaction of goods and services between different countries, regions or nations (Daniels, Radebaugh and Sullivan, 2007). There are different factors that play an important role in determining the success of an international venture in the other country. However, different multinational corporations consider different factors before entering into the global market. These factors include political, cultural, environmental, technological and economical aspects. It has been observed that cultural factors play an important role in determining the success of a business and its acceptability in the society of a particular country (Harrison, and Huntington, 2000). Awareness with the intercultural factors is necessary for two main reasons. Firstly, it reduces the chances of misunderstandings as well as it also minimizes the possibilities of any intercultural mishaps. Secondly, the effective use of intercultural factors helps in maximizing the potential of a business and cultivating everlasting relations with the business partners across borders. Using intercultural differences productively also helps in maximizing business opportunities in other countries (Wiseman, 2003). Skills, knowledge and experience play an important role in determining the success of a business in a global market. However, it has been observed that those companies who fail to understand the cultural awareness in a certain global market end up in absolute failure. Their lack of understanding the cultural differences and similarities of another

Video Case Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Video Case - Assignment Example Hot Topic should maintain its commitment to its theme of music and keep opening more branches nationally as well as across the border to keep being successful. Ans. The idea of no walls and no doors promotes mutual understanding among the organizational personnel and helps them identify, target, and resolve issues at the grass-root level before they become too big to be fought away. Such an environment boosts transparency at all levels and in all matters of the organization. In addition to that, communication barriers among organizational personnel both horizontal and vertical are broken in an open environment. I would love to work in such an atmosphere because it will help me understand the organization’s history, culture, norms and values, trends and traditions, goals, mission and vision, and approach to work in very little time and enable me to start delivering and contributing to my company’s development much earlier and more efficiently than I would in a closed and isolated

The subject of social responsibility of business Essay

The subject of social responsibility of business - Essay Example Social activists argue that engagement of business in social activities of improvement is clearly moral and civic value and should be carried out without the incentive of any financial gain in mind. Efforts are being made to correlate social responsible corporate actions with financial performance. Social responsibility is approached as a continuum with five distinct levels: illegal and irresponsible companies, complaint companies, fragmented companies, Strategic and social advocacy. The Author concludes it does pay to be good but only in limited contexts. Unit of Analysis: Businesses, Ultimate Objective: To signify the correlation of social responsibility and financial performance of businesses, Source of Motivation: Socially responsible companies have been in business for long terms now. Businesses with strong cultures seem to have been better off than the businesses with weaker culture.Focus of Attention: the focus herein has been the evaluation and analysis of the Correlation between social responsibility and financial performance. Based on reading the article, the author has presented various distinct views of groups of individuals, who have in one way or the other tried to prove correlation between social responsibility and financial performance. ... stand that they do not discourage involvements of business in social welfare activities but believe that they should be carried out only if there are any financial gains in sight. Social Activists views are the fact that they perceive social responsibility is a moral value. The author defines levels of the Social responsibility continuum, used as a model. Five distinct levels have been brought into our views. Hence the author deducing the following conclusions: The companies at level 1 , not profitable at all in the long run (illegal), for level 2 (Complaint) companies compliance with legal mandates is simply a necessary condition for existence, for level 3 (Fragmented) companies act responsibly beyond complying with the law, Level 4 (Strategic) is the strongest link between the CSR and financial performance, at level 5 ( social advocacy ) is on social change rather than on profits . Furthermore at least two types of HR activities seem to be important contributors to profits. According to the author the short answer to this is that Yes it does pay to be good but under limited constraints. One other very vital issue to be noted here is that there is no evidence that companies who engage in social welfare or development without any financial gains in return face any negativity in profits. Like Wise there seems to be no evidence that suggests that businesses who do not engage in any activity other than making profits or increasing shareholders value are in any financial gains.

Decision making for Paramedic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 1

Decision making for Paramedic - Essay Example ical thinking, response to emergency, efficiency and calmness, employers often expect that a qualified paramedic would be able to portray these qualities with a high standard of effectiveness. In this regard, current employers expect the employees to respond effectively to injuries, illnesses, and accidents. Communication skills and response to communication cues of the environment is another of the important skills that the training program for paramedics focus on, thus the employers expect a paramedic would be able to portray appropriate communication qualities, with ability to apply the use of modern technology for efficient and effective communication (Edwards 2011). The field of health and medicine is dynamic with continuous changes in the trend of care and management. My major expectation in the paramedic profession is to keep abreast with the changing trends in the profession through remaining relevant to the practical, technical and theoretical aspects of the profession. This would come through a constant upgrade to my technical and theoretical knowledge of the profession. Additionally, I require effective communication and interpersonal skills like teamwork, courtesy and calmness to meet the role of a paramedic (Ball 2005). According to O’Meara et al. (2012), increased industrialization contribute to medical challenges such as increased accidents and health care risks that come with industries like industrial fires. This means within the next decades, there will be an increased need for paramedics. Additionally, there are more paramedic degree holders because of the improved training program, implying an impending increase in professionalism in the field of paramedics. In the next decades, the role of paramedics would entail the provision of high-quality care and response to emergency services through the application of the modern technology, which would enable paramedics to be more efficient and effective (Ross et al., 2014). This will increase

The subject of social responsibility of business Essay

The subject of social responsibility of business - Essay Example Social activists argue that engagement of business in social activities of improvement is clearly moral and civic value and should be carried out without the incentive of any financial gain in mind. Efforts are being made to correlate social responsible corporate actions with financial performance. Social responsibility is approached as a continuum with five distinct levels: illegal and irresponsible companies, complaint companies, fragmented companies, Strategic and social advocacy. The Author concludes it does pay to be good but only in limited contexts. Unit of Analysis: Businesses, Ultimate Objective: To signify the correlation of social responsibility and financial performance of businesses, Source of Motivation: Socially responsible companies have been in business for long terms now. Businesses with strong cultures seem to have been better off than the businesses with weaker culture.Focus of Attention: the focus herein has been the evaluation and analysis of the Correlation between social responsibility and financial performance. Based on reading the article, the author has presented various distinct views of groups of individuals, who have in one way or the other tried to prove correlation between social responsibility and financial performance. ... stand that they do not discourage involvements of business in social welfare activities but believe that they should be carried out only if there are any financial gains in sight. Social Activists views are the fact that they perceive social responsibility is a moral value. The author defines levels of the Social responsibility continuum, used as a model. Five distinct levels have been brought into our views. Hence the author deducing the following conclusions: The companies at level 1 , not profitable at all in the long run (illegal), for level 2 (Complaint) companies compliance with legal mandates is simply a necessary condition for existence, for level 3 (Fragmented) companies act responsibly beyond complying with the law, Level 4 (Strategic) is the strongest link between the CSR and financial performance, at level 5 ( social advocacy ) is on social change rather than on profits . Furthermore at least two types of HR activities seem to be important contributors to profits. According to the author the short answer to this is that Yes it does pay to be good but under limited constraints. One other very vital issue to be noted here is that there is no evidence that companies who engage in social welfare or development without any financial gains in return face any negativity in profits. Like Wise there seems to be no evidence that suggests that businesses who do not engage in any activity other than making profits or increasing shareholders value are in any financial gains.

Auditing Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1500 words - 2

Auditing - Assignment Example sely, the primary purpose of the accounting framework is to ensure that the users of financial information are provided with user-friendly information. This assignment seeks to present the concept of the audit, audit risk, and substantive audit procedures based on the case of Applied Graphene Materials PLC. Based on the company’s financial statements, first, three areas of heightened audit risk will be identified, and a quantitative analysis provided. Second, in relation to one of the identified areas in the first part, five substantive audit tests will be identified together their significance (Foster & Greenawalt 1995, pp. 1-5). The company analysis can take two approaches. That is the providers of funds and the controllers of the funds. Funds are provided by stakeholders such as shareholders, creditors, and other entities. The categories of stakeholders that are responsible for the management of funds are directors and managers. From the statement, the providers of funds are different from funds managers. Therefore, fund providers require a report on how funds are being managed over a period, usually one year. However, the information contained in the financial statement may lack credibility for the following reasons: the information may contain errors; it may not disclose any fraudulent act; the information may be inadvertently or deliberately misleading; and the information may not disclose all the material information. It is a daunting task to prepare financial reports, especially for large companies with several subsidiaries that adopt different accounting practices. The process of consolidating the financial information of large companies such as Applied Graphene Materials PLC creates a breeding ground for multiple errors, fraud, and omissions. It is, therefore, the responsibility of the auditor to verify whether the company’s financial statements are free of error, fraud or material misstatement. That is, whether the information presents a true and

Bhopal Ethics Essay Example for Free

Bhopal Ethics Essay The Bhopal gas leak was a terrible tragedy in which thousands of helpless civilians were killed and hundreds of thousands were injured as they slept. Determining who was at fault and, consequently, who should compensate the victims and clean up the site are questions that have plagued the affected parties, my Rotman classmates and the world at large for over 25 years. The analysis to follow, in attempting to present the roles and responsibilities of each major player, will demonstrate the incredible difficulty involved in assigning conclusive responsibility for the tragedy. This will be followed by my personal reflections on the incident in which I present an additional culprit to those discussed in class. Union Carbide Corporation (US): In seeking to assign responsibility for the incident, there are two clear opportunities to point the finger at Union Carbide Corporation. Firstly, pressure from the corporate office to stop losses backed Union Carbide India into a corner that led to the cost-cutting proposal that ultimately produced the disaster. If, as Milton Friedman said, the social responsibility of a business is to increase profits, then Union Carbide Corporation is under a purely fiduciary, and not a moral or ethical, responsibility to the company’s shareholders and their decision to approve the cost-cutting plan seems appropriate. Friedman’s view, however, is far from universally accepted. Many believe that corporations’ responsibilities to their shareholders, employees, customers and communities extend past fiduciary and enter the realms of ethics and CSR. These people will lay blame for the incident at Union Carbide Corporation for putting profits before people. A second criticism often leveled at Union Carbide Corporation is the fact that their inspectors had visited the Bhopal plant a year before the incident and noted sixty-one safety issues. A grand total of zero of these recommendations had been implemented by the time of the incident. While responsibility for implementation certainly rests with Union Carbide India, the parent company cannot escape blameless as they bear responsibility for following up and ensuring their plants are meeting their own safety guidance. This negligence led to disaster. Union Carbide India Limited: The Indian subsidiary of Union Carbide’s level of responsibility for the Bhopal tragedy is also difficult to determine. It clearly bears responsibility for non-functioning safety and emergency equipment that greatly exacerbated the scope of the tragedy. It is simply unacceptable that the cooling unit had been disabled for over one year. Union Carbide India also failed its responsibilities by hiring under-qualified and illiterate employees, and then failing to train them appropriately. These employees did not understand the dangers and worked in a world where minor leaks were commonplace and corroded instruments could not be trusted. As well, the subsidiary surely deserves blame for not correcting any of the safety violations identified before the incident. Defendants of the Indian subsidiary, however, will remind their critics that cutting these corners were required to keep their plant open and preserve their jobs and important pesticides. Without pressure from their US parent to eliminate losses, they argue, such drastic measures would not have been necessary. Here again we see how easily complications arise when attempting to assign responsibility for ethical lapses. Government of India: The government of India was the strongest proponent in bringing a Union Carbide plant to Bhopal as the prospect of jobs and much needed pesticides led to an offer Union Carbide could not refuse: cheap labour, tax breaks, few workplace safety restrictions and a guaranteed market for 100% of their output. The Government of India, in addition to economic growth, also bears responsibility for the safety and well-being of its citizens; here, they failed to live up to their full mandate. Firstly, the decision to favour economic growth over safety was questionable ethically and ended up costing them dearly. Secondly, the Government neglected the densely-populated shanty town that had grown up near the plant on land deeded from local officials. Its residents were the first and main victims of the poisonous gas. Still, many will argue that a cost-benefit analysis made creating jobs and accessible pesticide for a poor and hungry region the proper priority. While many were ultimately harmed by the leak, how many more had benefitted from the poverty-alleviating jobs and hunger-alleviating crops? Here again we find valid points and counter-points, leaving us no closer to assigning conclusive blame and responsibility for the tragedy. Dow Chemical: While Dow certainly protected itself in the purchase agreement from a legal standpoint, there are those that suggest the proper ethical action is for Dow to assume responsibility for any outstanding clean up and compensation. While this may innately feel like the right thing to do, the counterpoint that Dow had nothing to do with the incident and should not be punished after paying fair market value for Union Carbide is also valid. Personal Reflection: Analyzing the conduct of the major parties has not produced any conclusive allocation of responsibility. It is clear that each party deserves significant blame but no party deserves total blame. There is, however, an overlooked culprit that I believe deserves the bulk of the blame: the expectations market that has hijacked the decision making of US corporations(1). Ever-increasing emphasis on the expectations market (stock prices) instead of the real market (products/services, relationships with customers and communities) has left businesses making short-term, profit-chasing decisions at the expense of their reputation, ethics and long-term viability. Approving cost cuts that jeopardized safety in Bhopal is just one of all too many such instances. This juxtaposition of ethics vs. eeting financial expectations, however, is fatally flawed – there are many examples where ethical decisions produce long term financial success (Tylenol and Maple Leaf Foods recalls, for example). Queens University took the ethical route vis a vis the Radler donation and the class poll revealed that only a very small percentage of us had heard of that incident. I believe that if Queens had ta ken the easier, unethical decision and never offered to return the donation, this story would have been much more widely publicized and Queens would have suffered in the long run. Moreover, there is no shortage of examples where short-term unethical decisions destroy companies and make them miss their projections forever! (Enron, Bre-X, Nortel, etc – sadly this is a very long list indeed). In short, I disagree with Friedman and lay the bulk of Bhopal blame at the financial system in which Union Carbide operated. Fear of getting hammered by the expectations market led to corporate’s threat to close the Bhopal plant which set off the chain reaction that ultimately ended in tragedy. Fear of incurring further losses after the tragedy than focused Union Carbide’s efforts on avoiding liability, rather than taking the ethical high-ground and assuming fair responsibility for compensation and clean up. Corporate promotion of hypernorms such as integrity, compassion and responsibility will ultimately benefit all stakeholders and provide corporations with the enduring financial rewards that accrue to those that are respected and well-liked by the real market (ie. onsumers and communities, not analysts and speculators). We need to usher in a new era where businesses chase solid reputations and community longevity instead of quarterly earnings expectations. The default corporate reaction to adversity must shift towards upholding these hypernorms, rather than hiding behind lawyers and waiting until the blame has been transferred elsewhere. Realizing that employing the ethical strategy does not compromise, but actually enhances long term financial viability is a cruc ial first step.

The impact of multinational corporations on an economy

The impact of multinational corporations on an economy Multinational Corporation also knows as Transnational Corporation or multinational enterprise. These three things have same definition and function. Multinational company is a company that have manage the business in one country or they called it headquarters and also have their branches of business in others country. Multinational company have brought the advantages and disadvantages in the host country. 2.0 FINDINGS 2.1 Definition of MNC According to the business dictionary MNC means the enterprise that operating in several countries but managed from one (home) country .While according to the International Economics books they divided it into three sections. First by the size, means MNC is the extent of internationalization need. Then by the structure the MNC include the number of countries in which the firm does business and the citizenship of corporate owners and the top managers. Lastly by the performance, depends on the characteristics as earnings, sales and assets. Others meaning of MNC is a network of capital, product, and knowledge flow between organisational units. 2.2 Characteristics of MNC The characteristics of MNC are a company must have and own or control value adding activities in more than one country. And they also have involving in strategic alliances with others company.MNC also bring the new technology with the new capital and access to the local market knowledge and distribution in the host country. Furthermore, the characteristic of MNC is to view the worldwide presence in one or more of businesses. 3.0 STATISTIC 3.1 Foreign Direct Investment Foreign direct investment means the other company from outside which is other country invest in one company of other country. Many of country include in foreign direct investment. Malaysia also takes a part in this business because many advantages Malaysia can get from foreign direct investment from other countries. Malaysia can get many profits and develop the country from it. Malaysia ranks among the world is a top 20th attractive country to foreign direct investment (FDI) according to the World Investment Prospects Survey 2007-2009 FDI  by the  United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). Malaysia have a good strategy in map which means that the location of Malaysia in the heart of Southeast Asia and offer a cost competitive position for whom thats want invest in that country especially in manufacturing of technology product for regional place and global markets. The factors that Malaysia become a top 20th choice of foreign direct investment is firstly is a hum an resources that Malaysia have is from a younger categorize that is strong and intelligent enough. Malaysia also try to develop the country to become modern and technology so its need the foreign direct investment come invest to Malaysia .When this happen its will be the exchange of technology and increase the knowledge of Malaysia about the technology. Government also provide the good services and tax for foreign invest in Malaysia. This is to make sure the continuous supply of manpower to meet the needs of the growing manufacturing and technology sector of Malaysia. 3.2 The Gross Domestic Product The gross domestic product (GDP) is a basic measure of a country economics performance.GDP is a purchases prices that sum of gross value added by all resident producers in the economy plus any product taxes and minus any subsidies not included in the value of the products. The most common approach to measuring and quantifying GDP is the expenditure method. The figure above shown the graph of Gross Domestic Product from 2005 to 2009 Figure 1.1 Bar chart of Gross Domestic Product (in 2000 constant prices) Ringgit Malaysia in Million 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Gross Domestic Product  Ã‚   (in 2000 constant prices) Ringgit Malaysia in Million  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   449,250 475,192 505,353  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   528,804  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   528,860 The bar chart above shows that the Gross Domestic Product from 2005 to 2009 in increase. Start from 2005 the Gross Domestic Product in Ringgit Malaysia shows the total is 449,250 million. Then follow by year 2006 the total amount is 475,192 million ,it have an increasing in number. While on 2007 the amount is 505,353 million. For 2008 and 2009 is 528,804 million and 528,860 million. This shows that the effect of MNC that invest in Malaysia have been increase the Gross Domestic Product in every year. The figure above show the pie chart of sector of MNC in Malaysia. Figure 1.2 A pie chart of sector of MNC in Malaysia 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009 Agriculture, forestry fishing  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   35,835  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   37,769  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   38,593  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   40,073  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   39,260 Mining 42,472  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   41,315  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,663  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,337  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   42,176 Manufacturing 137,940  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   147,672  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   152,262  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   154,195  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   141,934 Construction 14,685  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   14,604  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15,279  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   15,604  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   16,071 Services 230,043  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   246,895  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   270,762  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   290,588  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   303,695 Many of MNC from other country invest in Malaysia. There have a specific into a few sector of MNC. There are agriculture, forestry fishing sector, the mining sector, manufacturing sector, construction sector and the lastly is services sector. The pie chart shows the total amount of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) in each sector start from 2005 to 2009.All the sector have the incensement in the GDP according the increasing of the year. Start from agriculture, forestry fishing sector the total of GDP is 39,260 million for 5 years. While in mining sector and manufacturing sector the amount is 42,176 million and 141,934 million. The construction sectors have 16,071 million in the GDP.The largest amount sector that influence the GDP of MNC is a services sector. This can be prove by the total amount is 303,695 million. For the smallest amount is in agriculture, foresting fishing sector. The reason why the agriculture, foresting and fishing is the smallest influence is because Malaysia has their own product that can be produce by the country itself. Its not too necessary to receive the FDI from outside. Furthermore Malaysia has a larger area of forest and sea. Diverse from agriculture sector, is services sector that give a large amount in GDP. Malaysia is a one country that in progress to develop, so its need many of technology to be use especially on a services sector. Example the public transportation service, they need to be improve on the speed and safety for the passangers.Nowdays many of public transportation have been improve such as LRT and KOMUTER.This transportation have a high speed and big space to take a many passengers and they can arrive the destination at the short time. 4.0 EVALUATION 4.1 The contribution of MNC in Malaysia Malaysia is one of the most talented manufacturing and exports that base in the area. Malaysia ranks as among the worlds top 20 attractive countries foreign direct investment (FDI), according to the World Investment Prospect Survey 2007-2009 FDI by the United Nations Conference on Trade and Development (UNCTAD). (www.tradechakra.com). There are more than 60 countries have invested in over 3000 companies in Malaysias manufacturing segment. The countries that have invested in Malaysia is Japan, Singapore, Thailand, United State and more else. Furthermore, Toyota, Hitachi, Ford and IBM are the examples of Multinational companies that contributed in Malaysia country. The main factor that are attracted foreign company to open up their business in Malaysia is the assurance of governments that retain the trade environment that are provides the foreign investors with the profits and opportunity for development. In general, foreign company in Malaysias manufacturing sector can hold 100% equit y in project which export 80% of their production and attractive tax rate incentives in 2008 is 26% and it will cut to 25% appropriate to mutually no-resident and resident companies. Malaysia proposes a broad range of tax encouragement for manufacturing scheme under the Income Tax Act 1967 and Promotion of Investment Act 1986. There are many types or sector of multinational company in Malaysia. The sectors are including the manufacturing, agricultural, mining, construction, forestry and services. For examples, the foreign country that contributes to manufacturing sector likes Japan automotive industry. Nowadays, Japan have contributes their automotive industry like Honda, Mitsubishi, Daihatsu and Toyota in Malaysia economies. 4.2 The advantages of MNC in Malaysia The advantages of multinational company in Malaysia are it will increase the economic resources. This is happen when other multinational companies from outside open their business in Malaysia and the foreign currency exchange rate in Malaysia will be increase the economies indirectly. When transnational company opens their industries in Malaysia, they need to hired people to work with them and it will provide job opportunities for unemployed graduates in Malaysia. Moreover, it will also transfer the management skills and technology to Malaysia. So, they can learn and used the technology for the development of the country. Other than that, Malaysia has its own natural resources like petroleum, oil, gas and others. It attracts the foreign country to open up their business in Malaysia. Moreover, it also will increase the development rate of host nation by introducing new investment, management skills and new technology. For example Perodua Myvi the 6th model of Perodua Malaysia is based on Daihatsu Boon and Toyota Passo from Japan automotive industry. Malaysia automotive and Japan automotive industry are joint venture to produce the new product and new technology. Furthermore, services transfer is also one of the positive impacts of multinational company in Malaysia. It means that, government will transfer the local workers to the foreign country to learn about their management and technology skills. So, they do not need to hired foreign employee to works in Malaysia 4.3 The disadvantages of MNC in Malaysia The negative impact of multinational companies that affected Malaysia is it will change the culture. Malaysia is based on different race and religion and they focuses about their culture and religion. The present of multinational companies from other country especially from West Country indirectly change and spoiling the local culture in the mentality, philosophy and more else. Other than that, they may not promote any development for the nations economic activities by basically source their components from out of the country. Its means, they will make local producers out of business. Multinational companies could take pleasure in high competitive advantages over local firms that can damaged local competition rather than promote it. Other than that too dependence of the foreign technology will make them take the advantages of Malaysias weakness and they will dominance the local industries. In addition, foreign country will interrupt of Malaysias economic plans and they will become ri cher better than local country. This is because they can get worker with low labour cost in Malaysia and cheap of raw materials. Other than that, the tax of Malaysia is low then their country so it makes them attract to open up their business in Malaysia. 5.0 CONCLUSION Multinational Company (MNC) gives a big impact in a country. It has the advantages and disadvantages impact. According to the Foreign Direct Investment the number of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) increasing follow by the years. Start from the early 1960s century the enter of MNC in Malaysia give a big impact, mainly in economy and social development of the country .There also have an transfer of technology in the country. Many of the things now is based on the technology. This is the advantages for the country to attract the foreign to invest in Malaysia because Malaysia is the one of the country that in process to develop the country into the developed country. Furthermore many of knowledgement can get from them to produce the intelligent and educated people in the country. The MNC also give the big profit to Malaysia . Although they give many impacts on the advantages in the country, they also give the disadvantages one. When the transfer of social is occurred, they give a some of t he bad social impact for the country. For example, when they have too many MNC from outside invest in Malaysia automatically they dominant the industry and this give the small chance for the local to invest in their own country industry. Other than that the technology of the country just depend on the foreign country. It just gives the foreign company to take advantages toward the host country to produce their technology. 6.0 REFFERENCE Economy Watch, Malaysia Industry Sector [online] Available at: [Accessed on 18 November 2010] Natarajan M. Tan J.M, 1992, The Impact of MNC in Malaysia, Singapore Thailand [ e-book], Institute of southeast Asian ,Available at: [ Accessed on 21 November 2010] Trade Chakra, 2008. Foreign Investment in Malaysia [online] (Updated 7 Dec 2009) Available at: [Accessed on 19 November 2010]

Genetic Engineering, History and Future Essay -- Biology Biological Ar

Altering the Face of Science Science is a creature that continues to evolve at a much higher rate than the beings that gave it birth. The transformation time from tree-shrew, to ape, to human far exceeds the time from analytical engine, to calculator, to computer. But science, in the past, has always remained distant. It has allowed for advances in production, transportation, and even entertainment, but never in history will science be able to so deeply affect our lives as genetic engineering will undoubtedly do. With the birth of this new technology, scientific extremists and anti-technologists have risen in arms to block its budding future. Spreading fear by misinterpretation of facts, they promote their hidden agendas in the halls of the United States congress. Genetic engineering is a safe and powerful tool that will yield unprecedented results, specifically in the field of medicine. It will usher in a world where gene defects, bacterial disease, and even aging are a thing of the past. By understanding gene tic engineering and its history, discovering its possibilities, and answering the moral and safety questions it brings forth, the blanket of fear covering this remarkable technical miracle can be lifted. The first step to understanding genetic engineering, and embracing its possibilities for society, is to obtain a rough knowledge base of its history and method. The basis for altering the evolutionary process is dependent on the understanding of how individuals pass on characteristics to their offspring. Genetics achieved its first foothold on the secrets of nature's evolutionary process when an Austrian monk named Gregor Mendel developed the first "laws of heredity." Using these laws, scientists studied the characteristics of organisms for most of the next one hundred years following Mendel's discovery. These early studies concluded that each organism has two sets of character determinants, or genes (Stableford 16). For instance, in regards to eye color, a child could receive one set of genes from his father that were encoded one blue, and the other brown. The same child could also receive two brown genes from his mother. The conclusion for this inheritance would be the child has a three in four chance of having brown eyes, and a one in three chance of having blue eyes (Stableford 16). Genes are transmitted through chromosomes which res... ...the outside world. It is also thought that if such bacteria were to escape it would act like smallpox or anthrax and ravage the land. However, laboratory-created organisms are not as competitive as pathogens. Davis and Roche sum it up in extremely laymen's terms, "no matter how much Frostbran you dump on a field, it's not going to spread" (70). In fact Frostbran, developed by Steven Lindow at the University of California, Berkeley, was sprayed on a test field in 1987 and was proven by a RAC committee to be completely harmless (Thompson 104). Fear of the unknown has slowed the progress of many scientific discoveries in the past. The thought of man flying or stepping on the moon did not come easy to the average citizens of the world. But the fact remains, they were accepted and are now an everyday occurrence in our lives. Genetic engineering too is in its period of fear and misunderstanding, but like every great discovery in history, it will enjoy its time of realization and come into full use in society. The world is on the brink of the most exciting step into human evolution ever, and through knowledge and exploration, should welcome it and its possibilities with open arms.

Rapid Growth of Christianity in the First Centuries Essay

Account for the rapid growth of Christianity in the first centuries. Christianity spread rapidly from C.E for three hundred years until it was legalized. The fact that this religion spread so quickly is one of the most amazing feats in history – in just 300 years Christianity went from one person preaching about a God, to a legalized religion. One of the main reasons for this rapid growth is that Christianity was open to anyone, in Judaism, you were not automatically a Jew and some synagogues did not allow people to convert. The great thing about Christianity was that anybody could become a Christian. People often thought of Christianity as Judaism lite. This was because Christianity descended from Judaism and had a lot of the same beliefs – it was just easier to become a Christian and the rules were not quite as strict. Both Judaism and Christianity are monotheistic religions so they only believe in one god. The Jewish religion was attractive to gentiles – because of its monotheistic beliefs and moral code – who were tired of worshiping the Greek and Roman pantheons (Gods & Goddesses). It got to the point when Jewish Synagogues would no longer allow Christians in them so the Christians Christianity is said to have the highest standard of love to god and to man. Christianity often appealed to poor people who felt alienated by mainstream religions. Back then, most people would be able to speak fluent Greek, the fact that Christianity was written and mostly spoken in Greek made it appeal to the majority of the people because they could read it. Judaism however was spoken in Hebrew, so only people that could speak Hebrew could understand it. This is why the new testament was written in Greek. The Roman Empire had a weak religion, so it was very easy to get people to convert to Christianity. After a group of people converted, others often followed behind. So many people converted to Christianity that Rome became the ‘base’ of the religion. That Is why the Pope lives in Rome – this is where Christianity was ‘properly’ formed.

Human Resource Information Systems Essay

1. â€Å"Suggest how HR professionals can use online recruiting to more effectively support recruitment activities while reducing organizational costs.† Retaining and acquiring talent with high qualities is crucial to an organization’s success. â€Å"As the economy and job market heats up, so has the market for corporate recruiting and recruiting service and consultants† (Bersin, 2013). Therefore, the labor force becomes more competitive and available skills become more diverse, HR professionals need to be more selective when choosing the right candidate. Poor decisions made by recruiters can result into negative effects for the company. Another thing that can impact an organization as well as an employee’s morale is high training and development cost. For this reason alone, many companies have turned to e-Recruiting. â€Å"Online recruiting involves less human interaction, reaches a much broader audience, files records electronically, and provides select ion tools electronically† (Friend, 2014). Companies can conduct everything online while spending less money sending all employees to a training session or meeting off-site. Just by conducting meetings, training, etc. online saves the company a lot of money. For example, new hires really make up the majority of the cost because they need to be trained in every aspect of the job they are taking on. Also, training occurs with other employees besides new hires when a new product or service surfaces within the company. All employees need to learn about the new products or services in order to promote them to their clients. Online recruiting comes in handy since it’s a real money saver by having employees do everything online via internet instead of meeting each time for different things. Online recruiting is not only cost effective but it’s quick and easy to do. HR professionals can posts job postings anywhere there is an internet  connection and receive responses just as quickly. Online recruiting can become very convenient. 2. â€Å"Recommend four (4) strategies to mitigate the unintended consequences associated with e-Recruiting.† Four strategies to mitigate the unintended consequences associated with e-Recruiting include: Ensuring consistent high customer satisfaction online and maintaining consistent high service When e-recruiting, recruit and select applicants who appear to have out-going personalities that fit within the organizational culture This can be determined from likes/dislikes Express that training and incentives will be provided in order to encourage loyalty, motivation, and focus on doing whatever it may be to meet the needs of the customer, and create Create a consistent set of HR practices that work together to create a culture of customer service. A strategy is not always planned and HR professionals usually have to adopt this strategic plan. Maintaining excellent service and high customer satisfaction is a good look for the company. Also, it’s a great strategy to have to meet all the needs of the customers to ensure their returned business and for them to spread the good comments about the company to their family, friends, and co-workers. The last strategy to mitigate the unintended consequences is for HR to get their practices to work together for the good of the company. HR needs to put a process in place that will be successful and beneficial to the employees and the company. 3. â€Å"Propose one (1) approach in which online recruitment can help ensure the employee’s psychological contracts are fulfilled.† According to Kavanagh, Thite, & Johnson (2012), psychological contract fulfillment, employee satisfaction, and retention rates are three other important goals of the recruitment process. The employees’ beliefs about the obligations and promises between them and their companies are what the psychological contract refers to. It’s going to be important to explore the extent to which online recruitment can help ensure that employees’ psychological contracts are fulfilled. Information that is collected and distributed during the recruitment process shapes the expectancy that leads to psychological contract fulfillment, which directly affects employee satisfaction and retention rates. The numerous expectations that shape the psychological contract include the work role, such as job performance; social relations, such as co-w orker and customer interactions; economic  rewards (raises, monetary incentives), and company culture. According to Heneman and Judge (2006), one approach to use to ensure psychological contracts are filled is a realistic recruitment message. 4. â€Å"Suggest three (3) strategies you would use to attract high-quality candidates and members of diverse groups using an e-Recruitment approach.† One strategy to use to attract candidates would be through social media. Examples of social media would be Facebook, Twitter, Instagram, and even email such as Hotmail, Yahoo, and Google, etc. Today’s world is very technical savvy and most people now use the internet for everything, these medias would be perfect for announcing job vacancies and announcements. For example, when I used to work for State Farm I made a Facebook page for the company and promoted different products and services that we offered. Another strategy I would use is at the end of applicants completing their work history, etc. before submitting to the job, a series of detailed questions would be asked that relates to specific job in which they are applying for such as years of experience performing that particular job, and skill competencies, etc., this would eliminate applicants that don’t have the necessary experience and skills and alleviate unwanted applications. One last strategy I would use to determine diverse groups is have the applicant fill out an optional survey informing of their race, gender, etc. The survey if completed or not would not have an impact on whether or not the applicant is interviewed and the applicant would also be informed of this as well. This would only be for survey purpose that will allow the organization to see if and how many people from diverse backgrounds are applying. 5. â€Å"Take a stand on whether or not the attributes of a Website (attractiveness, quality, and ease of use) would affect your motivation to apply for a job at that company. Justify your position with specific examples from two (2) business Websites that you are familiar with.† In my opinion, I find that when applying for positions the company’s attractive quality and ease of use website is very important. This lets me know that the company takes pride in their name and what to make an impression on the candidates that are applying. Even though they are the ones that are hiring, they need employees to work as well as a candidate needs a job. The first impression is a lasting impression, and if I’m impressed with the Website then chances are I’m going to be impressed with the company and would want to work for them. Two websites that I’m  familiar with are www.indeed.com and www.careerbuilder.com. I used these two websites frequently because they always have up to date posts on their websites every day and have a variety of positions available. Both sites are colorful, and allow you to type in key words related to the job of interest along with the city and state. Next, it will display jobs related to the key words that are entered. The jobs that are displayed list the job title, company name, and a brief description of the job that includes the range in job salary, for some. Both search engines are easy to navigate, the content of the information is relevant to what I’m looking for. Also, usability is a plus, because they both allow you to receive job alerts, creat user accounts, and answer frequently asked questions. 6. â€Å"Propose four (4) security controls you would put into place to prevent unauthorized access to data and unauthorized disclosure of data when using e-Recruiting systems.† One security control I would use is each applicant would have to set up their own personal username and access code. This should ease the mind of the applicant, because this is information that only the applicant would use and have access to. Next, I would design a security control that is time sensitive and require the user to sign back in if the computer is idled for a certain amount of it the user spends too much time in one area without moving on to the next area. Third, I would use an online security system that would prevent hackers and unauthorized access to applicant’s information. â€Å"The last security control that I might put in place would be some type of software where you have to answer personal related questions about your past that only that specific person would know† (Zeidner, 2007). For example, a multiple choice question might pop up and ask which of the following are related to you and the employee that is trying to gain access would have to answer the question correctly. According to Kavanagh et al, I would develop privacy protection policies that (1) restrict access to data, (2) restrict disclosure of data, and (3) ensure that only job-relevant data are collected for decision-making purposes. Everyone has to be careful nowadays, because hacking into computers is just as easy as breaking into a house nowadays. References Bersin, J. (2013, May 23). Corporate Recruiting Explodes: A New Breed of Service Provders. Retrieved from Forbes: http://www.forbes.com/sites/joshbersin/2013/05/23/corporate-recruitment-transformed-new-breed-of-service-providers/ Friend, L. (2014). Advantages of Online Recruiting. Retrieved from Chron: http://smallbusiness.chron.com/advantages-online-recruiting-3093.html Heneman, H.G., & Judge, T. A. (2006). Staffing Organizations (5th ed). Boston: McGraw Hill (nd). Introduction to Online Recruitment. HRM: Guide Human Resource Management. Retrieved from: http://www.hrmguide.co.uk/recruitment/introduction_to_online_recruitement.htm Kavanagh, M. J., Thite, M., & Johnson, R. D. (2012). Human Resource Information Systems (2nd ed.). Thousand Oaks, CA: Sage Publications, Inc. Zeidner, R. (2007, December 1). HR Magazine: Making Online Recruiting More Secure. Retrieved from SHRM: http://www.shrm.org/Publications/hrmagazine/EditorialContent/Pages/1207hrtech.aspx